Torah study is the study by Jewish people of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. Ideally within Judaism it is done for the purpose of the mitzvah ("commandment") of Torah study itself.
Although the word "Torah" refers specifically to the Five Books of Moses, in Judaism the word also refers to the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), the Talmud and other religious works, even including the study of Kabbalah, Hasidism, Mussar and much more.
Kabbalah (Hebrew: קַבָּלָה, lit. "receiving") is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings meant to define the inner meaning of both the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and traditional Rabbinic literature, as well as to explain the significance of Jewish religious observances.
Chalilah (Far be it) chalilah! Heaven forbid, Greek:-ginomai me; profanation, away with it a curse on it, Far be it, Let it not be, (Tenakh:- Beresheet 44;7, 17; Yehoshua 22:29; 24:16; Shemuel Alef 12:23, 14:45; 20:2; 1 Chr 11:19; Job 27:5) - (NT Loukas 20:16; Romaios 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7; 9:14; 11:1; 1 Korintos 6:15; Galates 2:17; 3:21; 6:14)
Hasidic Judaism (also Chasidic, etc., from the Hebrew: חסידות , Chassidus, meaning "piety", from the Hebrew root word חסד chesed meaning "loving kindness") is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. Some refer to Hasidic Judaism as Hasidism, and the adjective chasidic / hasidic (or in Yiddish חסידיש khasidish) applies. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th century.
Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1698–1760), also known as the Ba'al Shem Tov [1], is seen as the founding figure of Hasidic Judaism.
Nāśī’ (נָשִׂיא) is a Hebrew title meaning prince, in Biblical Hebrew, Patriarch (of the Sanhedrin) in Mishnaic Hebrew, or president, in Modern Hebrew.
Mussar movement refers to a Jewish ethical, educational and cultural movement (a "Jewish Moralist Movement") that developed in 19th century Orthodox Eastern Europe, particularly among the Lithuanian Jews. The Hebrew term mussar (מוּסַּר), is from the book of Proverbs 1:2 meaning instruction, discipline, or conduct. The term can be used to refer to Jewish moral or pious literature in general, see Jewish ethics.
Tzniut or Tznius (Hebrew: צניעות, Tzniut, Sephardi pronunciation, Tzeniut; Ashkenazi pronunciation, Tznius, "modesty") is a term used within Judaism and has its greatest influence as a notion within Orthodox Judaism. It is used to describe both the character trait of modesty and humility, as well as a group of Jewish religious laws pertaining to conduct in general and especially between the sexes. The term is frequently used with regard to the rules of dress for women.
Humility is a paramount ideal within Judaism. Moses is referred to as "exceedingly humble, more than any man in the world" (Bamidbar 12:3). The Talmud states that humility is one of the characteristic traits of the Jewish people (Talmud, Tractate Yevamot 79a).
Tzedakah (Hebrew: צדקה) is a Hebrew word commonly translated as charity, though it is based on a root meaning justice (צדק, tzedek). In Judaism, tzedakah refers to the religious obligation to perform charity, and philanthropic acts, which Judaism emphasises are important parts of living a spiritual life;
The Tanakh (Hebrew: תַּנַ"ךְ) (IPA: [taˈnax] or [təˈnax]; also Tenakh or Tenak) is the Bible used in Judaism. The name "Tanakh" is a Hebrew acronym formed from the initial Hebrew letters of the Tanakh's three traditional subdivisions: The Torah ("Teaching," also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings") - hence TaNaKh. The elements of the Tanakh are incorporated in various forms in Non-Jewish Believers Bibles, in which, with some variations, it is called the "Old Testament."
The Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of Judaism, second only to the Hebrew Bible in importance.
The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (c. 200 CE), the first written compendium of Judaism's Oral Law; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), a discussion of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Tanakh.
The terms Talmud and Gemara are often used interchangeably. The Gemara is the basis for all codes of rabbinic law and is much quoted in other rabbinic literature. The whole Talmud is also traditionally referred to as Shas (ש"ס), a Hebrew abbreviation of shisha sedarim, the "six orders" of the Mishnah.
A hazzan or chazzan (Hebrew חַזָּן ħazzān, Modern Hebrew khazan, Yiddish khazn) is a Jewish cantor, a musician trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the synagogue in songful prayer.
Armilus is an anti-Messiah figure in late-period Jewish eschatology, comparable to the Non-Jewish Believers Antichrist, who will conquer Jerusalem and persecute the Jews until his final defeat at the hands of God or the true Messiah. His inevitable destruction symbolizes the ultimate victory of good over evil in the Messianic age.
According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, Armilus is "a king who will arise at the end of time against the Messiah, and will be conquered by him after having brought much distress upon Israel", similar to Gog. He is spoken of in both Midrash Vayosha and Sefer Zeruv-Bavel, in which he defeats the Messiah ben Joseph.
The origin of this figure, said to be the offspring of Satan and a virgin, or Satan and a statue (or "stone"), is as much involved in doubt as the different phases of his development, and his relation to the Non-Jewish Believers legend and doctrine.
Aleinu (Hebrew: עָלֵינוּ "It is our duty to praise") is a Jewish prayer found in the siddur declaring the sovereignty and unity of God. In all likelihood it was composed by Rav in Babylonia in the 3rd centuring. It is recited at the end of each of the three daily Jewish services. It is also recited following the New Moon blessing and after a circumcision is performed. The traditional view of its composition, based on a geonic account, is that this prayer was created and proclaimed by Yehoshua in biblical times. However, the modern scholarly view is that the prayer was composed in Talmudic times for the mussaf liturgy on Rosh Hashanah. The Aleinu praises Elohim for allowing the Jewish people to serve Him, and expresses their hope that the whole world will recognize God and abandon idolatry.
Anakims = "long-necked"the descendants of Anak (Josh. 11:21; Num. 13:33; Deut. 9:2). They dwelt in the south of Palestine, in the neighbourhood of Hebron (Gen. 23:2; Josh. 15:13). In the days of Abraham (Gen. 14:5, 6) they inhabited the region afterwards known as Edom and Moab, east of the Jordan. They were probably a remnant of the original inhabitants of Palestine before the Canaanites, a Cushite tribe from Babel, and of the same race as the Phoenicians and the Egyptian shepherd kings.
Their formidable warlike appearance, as described by the spies sent to search the land, filled the Israelites with terror. They seem to have identified them with the Nephilim, the "giants" (Gen. 6:4; Num. 13:33) of the antediluvian age. There were various tribes of Anakim (Josh. 15:14). Joshua finally expelled them from the land, except a remnant that found a refuge in the cities of Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod (Josh. 11:22). The Philistine giants whom David encountered (2 Sam. 21:15-22) were descendants of the Anakim. (See GIANTS.) 1) a tribe of giants, descendants of Anak, which dwelled in southern Canaan. The Anakim are said to have been conquered by Caleb (Josh. xv. 14; Judges, i. 20), who received their territory. In Deut. ii. 11, the Anakim are called a branch of the Rephaim, which is perhaps a generic term.
Birkat Hamazon, (Hebrew: ברכת המזון ; trans. Blessing on Nourishment), known in English as the Grace After Meals, (Yiddish: בענטשן; translit. bentshn or "to bench"; Yinglish: Benching), is a set of Hebrew blessings that Jewish Law prescribes following a meal that includes bread or matzoh made from one or all of wheat, barley, rye, oats, spelt. It is a matter of rabbinic dispute whether Birkat Hamazon must be said after eating certain other bread-like foods such as pizza[1].
Birkat Hamazon is made up of four blessings: 1. The first blessing, which is a blessing of thanks for the food was, according to tradition, composed by Moses in gratitude for the manna which the Jews ate in the wilderness during the Exodus from Egypt. 2. The second blessing, which is a blessing of thanks for the Land of Israel, is attributed to Joshua after he led the Jewish people into Israel. 3. The third blessing, which concerns Jerusalem, is ascribed to David (who established the capital to Jerusalem) and Solomon (who built the Temple in Jerusalem). These three blessings are regarded as required by scriptural law. 4. The fourth blessing, a blessing of thanks for God's goodness, was written by Rabban Gamliel in Yavneh. The obligation to recite this blessing is regarded as Rabbinic only.Maimonides –Moses ben-Maimon, called Maimonides and also known as Rambam, was the preeminent medieval Jewish philosopher and one of the greatest Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages. He was born in Córdoba, Spain on Passover Eve, 1135, and died in Egypt on 20th Tevet, December 12, 1204. He was as a rabbi, physician and philosopher in Morocco and Egypt. His full Hebrew name is Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, whose acronym forms "Rambam" (רמב"ם). In Latin, the Hebrew "ben" (son of) becomes the Greek−style suffix "-ides" to form "Moses Maimonides". His full Arabic name is Abū ʿImrān Mūsā bin Maimūn bin ʿUbaidallāh al-Qurṭubī al-Israeli ( ابو عمران موسى بن ميمون بن عبد الله القرطبي الإسرائيلي) or Mūsā ibn Maymūn for short.
Arabic al-Ra’is (the Head) Abu Imran Musa (personal name) ibn Maymun (family’s ancestral name) Ibn Abdallah (Ubaydallah- Obadiah)(family’s progenitor) al-Qurtubi al-Andalusi al-Isra’ili (His gentilic country of origin)